Fantastically detailed map of Canada, or British North America as it was known at the time. Compiled from documents supplied by the Hudson's Bay Company and published in Arrowsmith's London Atlas of Universal Geography. Not only is the detail in the Canadian interior extraordinary for the period, but the map also displays the most recent advances in Arctic exploration, such as the discoveries of John Rae in 1851. Unfortunately, the map pre-dates Robert McClure's discovery of the northwest passage by two years, though much of the route is already shown on the map. Alaska, at this time still under the control of the Russian Empire, is marked as 'Russian America'.



Original hand-colour. [CAN3012] (BC)






John Arrowsmith (1790-1873)



John Arrowsmith, one of the greatest 19th-century English cartographers, was born in Winston, County Durham, in 1790. At the age of 20, John moved to London to join the prestigious mapmaking firm founded by his uncle, Aaron Arrowsmith. There, working alongside his cousins Aaron II and Samuel, he developed his expertise in engraving, lithography, globe-making, and publishing.



On the death of his uncle in 1823, John left the firm and decided to set up on his own; there is a suggestion that he became a dealer of prints and paintings in Paris between 1824 and 1826 but he must have returned to England shortly after as he was cited as one of the founders of the Royal Geographical Society in 1830. He became a highly influential member of the Society, acting as its unofficial cartographer for the next forty-three years and participating in its Council between 1851 and 1868; in 1863, he was awarded the Society's Patron's Medal. This position enabled him to access, engrave, and publish manuscript maps sent back to London by many of the foremost explorers of the age, including Burke & Wills, John Henning Speke, and David Livingstone.



Arrowsmith then obtained another powerful connection which gave him further privileged access to important manuscript maps: in 1837, he began to produce maps for Hansard, the firm charged with publishing Parliamentary reports and papers. Maps from the Colonial Office and the Honourable East India Co., among others, would first pass through Arrowsmith's hands. This gave him an enormous advantage over his commercial rivals.



Arrowsmith's own commercial enterprise culminated in the production of the "London Atlas of Universal Geography" first issued in 1834. As his prestige and contacts grew, so did the contents of this work. The importance of the above atlas cannot be overstated. There are maps dedicated to individuals whose names still resonate today. These include Captain Robert Fitzroy and the Officers of the Beagle, John Septimus Roe, first Surveyor General of Western Australia, and Lieut. Alexander Burnes, the legendary Burnes of Bokhara.